50 Synonyms for Control

50 Synonyms for Control 50 Synonyms for Control 50 Synonyms for Control By Mark Nichol Various words are accessible to replace control to all the more explicitly pass on one’s significance. Here’s a rundown of equivalents and their faculties. 1. Capture: slow, stop, seize, or get 2. Square: stop entry or progress; likewise, diagram, shape, or imprint plots, and different implications 3. Container: see limit; likewise, actually or allegorically put into a jug 4. Harness: control as though utilizing a harness; likewise, show antagonistic vibe or disdain as though being controlled by a harness 5. Top: set a cutoff on or keep from developing or spreading; additionally, give a top or other assurance, finish up, or exceed 6. Check: square advancement, slow, or stop, or see limit; additionally, analyze, review, or confirm, or mark with a check mark or another image to show that such an activity has happened, and different implications 7. Gag: discourage or control development, and different implications 8. Encompass: control a movement or a scope of exercises, or encompass 9. Bind: hold or keep inside cutoff points 10. Oblige: see restrict, limit, or control, or keep down, or produce in a stressed way 11. Contract: limit or decrease 12. Contain: stop or forestall, or encase or hold 13. Check: control, or force a breaking point 14. Keep: put into care 15. Charge: see deny, or force a reprobation or request 16. Deny: request in order to forestall 17. Stifler: control opportunity of articulation or the right to speak freely of discourse 18. Administer: control or impact activities or exercise real or ill-conceived authority 19. Hamper: see hinder or limit; likewise, disturb or burden 20. Cuff: render weak or inadequate; additionally, place binds on 21. Tackle: use for a specific reason 22. Thwart: see block 23. Hold: see control 24. Hinder: meddle with; likewise, slow the advancement of 25. Hinder: see preclude and limit, and dishearten 26. Keep: see confine or limit 27. Breaking point: abridge or lessen; see additionally control 28. Measure: see manage, and different implications 29. Mince: control discourse for dignity or tact 30. Mute: see cover 31. Gag: see cover 32. Hinder: see square or block 33. Forestall: shield from existing or occurring, or keep down 34. Disallow: see restrict and forestall 35. Control: overpower in order to create resignation or accommodation; additionally, calm or appease 36. Manage: modify or set sums, degrees, or rates, or make laws or leads or manage of power 37. Quell: see forestall and repress 38. Limit: monitor; see likewise forestall 39. Confine: see limit 40. Rule: practice authority over 41. Quiet: see cover 42. Cover: forestall correspondence or articulation; additionally, deny of air or in any case choke, and different implications 43. Suppress: pulverize or quiet, or see control 44. Smother: deflect or debilitate, or cut off, or see cover 45. Stop: put an end to event or progress 46. Choke: see thwart and smother; additionally, gag or stop someone’s relaxing 47. Quell: see control; likewise, vanquish, or restrain 48. Stifle: see control, forestall, cover, and quell 49. Swallow: shield oneself from communicating 50. Tame: manage; likewise, to humble or mellow Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesDoes Mr Take a Period?Dissatisfied versus Unsatisfied

History Of The Automobile Essays - American Brands, Steam Car, Car

History of the Automobile History of the Car Autos are one of the most significant what's more, noticeable innovations conceivably ever made. Without cars our lives would be totally changed and extraordinary. Autos changed the manner in which individuals voyaged and lived. Without vehicles there would be no drive-ins, drive-through drive-thru eateries, and strip malls. Individuals rely upon their vehicles whether they're winning their living, or voyaging to their fantasy excursion spot. The United States is the main maker of autos and is frequently called the Country On Wheels. The U.S has gotten reliant on vehicles for transportation. Dashing vehicles is likewise a mainstream sport which draws in a great many aficionados across the nation. Regardless of whether it's a neighborhood race track, or an immense Nascar track, individuals love dashing what's more, the rush, and furthermore the peril. The historical backdrop of autos is a long, and arduous one. From the primary self impelled street vehicle made in the 1790's, to the advanced street machine of today, it hasn't been a simple street to follow (no play on words expected) for the vehicle. Numerous individuals taunted the vehicle, and you used to hear the expression Get a pony a great deal back at the point when vehicles were first mass created. Indeed, even with these changes, the car has conquered these hardships to get one of the most required innovations at any point collected. The steam vehicle was the primary street vehicle that could go without anyone else, despite the fact that they had a top speed of a walloping 3 miles for every hour, and needed to stop each 10 to 15 minutes to assemble up steam. The main vehicle that could convey travelers was delivered until 1801. These steam carriages irritated individuals especially by being loud, messy, and by alarming ponies. Numerous american designers messed with steam vehicles, for example, J.N Carhart, Richard Dudgeon, and Sylvester H. Roper, yet the most sucessful were the Stanley twins, Francis E. also, Freelan O. The electric vehicle was really well known in America in the late 1890's and mid 1900's. One of America's pioneer electric vehicles was worked in around 1890 by William Morrison in Des Moines Iowa. Individuals loved the electric vehicle since it was anything but difficult to work, ran discreetly, also, didn't discharge rotten vapor. Obviously there were downsides like you were unable to go more than 20 miles for each hour and the battery must be energized continually. Hence the electric vehicle was supplanted by the gas motor. The general plan of current autos was created in France. Emile Levassor and Rene Panhard manufactured their first vehicles in 1890 utilizing a Daimler motor. These vehicles utilized chains like those found in bikes to convey the motor's capacity to the back wheels. Numerous American creators explored different avenues regarding fuel controlled vehicles in the mid 1890's. Many asserted that they were the first to structure also, fabricate sucessfully a car. Most pioneers of the vehicle later got well known in the business. The formation of the main auto get together line was brought about by a fire that decimated the Olds Motor Works in Detroit. This made Olds sign agreements with the proprietors of little machine shops to produce numerous parts for his vehicles. With this technique, the organization manufactured 425 vehicles in 1901, 3750 out of 1902, and 500 of every 1903. Most vehicle organizations followed the Olds organization by utilizing large scale manufacturing. Henry M. Leland, leader of the Cadillac Automobile Company built up the idea of utilizing tradable parts. This was a major advance in light of the fact that the exchangeable parts could be utilized to amass or fix any vehicle of a similar model. Henry Ford's objective was a low-valued vehicle that numerous individuals in varying backgrounds could manage. The result of his objective: The Model T. It sold for $850, yet Ford introduced a moving sequential construction system in his production line and they could then deliver a vehicle in 60 minutes what's more, a half which at that point made the vehicle be sold for $400, the least cost of any car. More than 15 million were sold. During the 1920's it was a race between Portage and GM. They were the main makers of vehicles around then. By 1937, GM was creating about 35% of the universes cars. Structure changed a ton during 1920's. Body lines turned out to be progressively agile and the shut vehicle got famous. Motors turned out to be all the more remarkable and calmer what's more, numerous different upgrades came during this period. During World War 2 creation of vehicles for regular citizens nearly ended in light of the fact that the industrial facilities were being utilized for military supplies. After WW2, more enhancements were made and remote vehicles turned out to be increasingly mainstream. Today 41 millions vehicles are created each year in which 33% originate from the U.S Gasoline deficiencies and

7 Hardest College Classes

7 Hardest College Classes We’ve drudged through huge amounts of online discussions, internet based life systems, school sites and Google results to present to you the 7 hardest ways of information the cutting edge instructive framework brings to the table. In the event that you’re hoping to tie your cerebrum in a tangle, at that point you’ve go to the correct spot. We’re going to begin with #7 and afterward work our way down to #1, and yes you got it, it has to do with math. #1: Rocket Science This is extremely all the more a classification than a class. The brainy type envelops numerous troublesome math, material science and building courses that cause the majority to wince. Toward the day's end in any case, because of private space organizations like Virgin Galactic, SpaceX and Blue Origin this subject is going to go standard. In a little matter of years we’ll be mining space rocks, colonizing Mars and building armadas of rockets for a rising 21st century industry! The main explanation Rocket Science places seventh on the rundown is on the grounds that it’s still a periphery subject. The majority don’t truly know whether another space age is going to start or not. A small level of understudies are concentrating to become space travelers or rocket builds at the present time yet that’s presumably going to change. #2: Beam Me Up: Quantum Mechanics/Physics Talking about which†¦by the year 2050 this may begin being instructed in primary schools, yet up to that point this class is a genuine butt-kicker. Get ready to get extremely acquainted with Einstein and the people who are propelling his hypotheses and methods of reasoning. Watch out, in light of the fact that it can get quite dynamic truly quick. Get ready to have the two sides of the equator of your mind selected to the umph-degree. #3: Let’s Get Metaphysical This isn’t PHIL 101 people. We’re talking a lot further down the epistemological hare gap. The objective? To essentially attempt comprehend the genuine idea of causation†¦to think about the contrasts between the abstract and target universe/experience. Just the individuals who look for the most significant of scholarly difficulties dare take propelled Metaphysics. #4: Advanced Thermodynamics A great many people consider weight reduction nowadays when they hear the word thermodynamics. You know, â€Å"More vitality out versus calories in implies you’ll get thinner!† It’s more confounded than that. Talk has it that Purdue University sports the hardest building courses in the land. As a general rule, considering the transference of warmth on our plane is hard pretty much anyplace. Designing is harsh stuff, yet it’s justified, despite all the trouble! In the event that you can deal with it and keep your GPA high, you’re taking a gander at conceivably large $$$ upon graduation (or after temporary positions). Also, worldwide intrigue. Great specialists are hard to come by all over the place yet China and India basically. #5: Sigh†¦Economics In light of the exhibition of national banks and Wall Street, current financial hypothesis isn’t working out so well (Keynesian). Perhaps more individuals should consider propelled financial aspects? All things considered, over at Harvard (where a large number of our financial pioneers study) Economics 1126 or the â€Å"Quantitative Methods in Economics† is a genuine test. In the event that you decide to turn into a market analyst, kindly make a superior showing! Since when did it start seeming well and good to live in a debt=wealth world? So far it would seem that standard financial hypotheses of today are fizzling, primarily in light of the fact that they can’t adjust to the speed of mechanical advancement. The individuals who finish this class without a hitch are likely going to work in a research organization some place however gather a sizeable check. #6: Organic Chemistry: The Doctor Destroyer Huge amounts of individuals who accept they’re bound to be specialists one day see their fantasies ran and occupied by Organic Chemistry. For students, this is the place you need to truly pay attention to espresso and the library. It’s frequently considered in quieted tones and murmurs to be among the most troublesome classes before you start your post-graduate examinations. At that point obviously we can discuss propelled physiology and life systems classes too, which are fierce. #7: Math That's right, only math all in all. For some understudies variable based math 101 feels like Organic Chemistry or Quantum Mechanics. It’s hard! Particularly for the super-inventive sorts that would prefer to compose, paint and make than work out pages of conditions for the reason of†¦? Things being what they are, what’s the hardest math class? That inquiry was posed over at College Confidential and here’s a few classes understudies discussed finally. Direct Algebra Complex Analysis Propelled Engineering Math Incomplete Differential Equations The Study of Algorithms The rundown continues forever from that point. That hare gap just continues onward and going like the Energizer Bunny made it. Be that as it may, there you have it women and noble men. Have an inclination that vanquishing the most noteworthy and hardest degrees of human information. Presently you realize which classes to take. In any case, let’s hear it, what do you believe are the hardest classes at your school?

Essay Writing: Using Sample Essays for College

Essay Writing: Using Sample Essays for CollegeWhen it comes to preparing for the college entrance exam, the best way to accomplish this goal is by writing a sample essay. However, in many cases you may be overwhelmed by the number of ideas you can use for your essay. Writing a simple essay is not difficult, but creating one that is original is difficult. Luckily, there are a number of samples available to help you create the best essay possible.When choosing sample essays for college, you need to make sure that you are comparing them to other ones. It would be better if the sample topics for college had similar ideas to those you will use when writing your own essay. Since some of these are more complex than others, make sure that you are not relying on the sample essay for college to get an idea of what to do. You will also want to make sure that your essay is not only well written, but that it is organized as well.In addition to the sample essays, some websites offer full-length es says written by people who have taken the test. By reading through these you will be able to get a better idea of what the test is like. When you are finished with these, you will have more tips on how to make your essay more interesting and intriguing.While writing sample essays for college, you will also want to consider using the tips that were given to you. For example, you can use the fact that the text you write will be shown to a panel of judges as one of the examples of plagiarism. The same idea should be applied to writing the correct number of words. By checking your composition for spelling errors, grammar problems, and simply making sure that the overall essay is readable, you will be able to give yourself a better chance at passing the test.Writing is not only about the quality of the essay, but also the format it uses. Many times you will need to read through several different samples before you have a clear idea of what to use. One important thing to note about sample essays for college is that the topics can vary. Some writers choose to cover a specific subject area, while others prefer to write about their personal experiences. It is important to take this into consideration before you begin writing your own sample.The amount of preparation you need to prepare for the test day is usually the most important thing. As long as you are not in a rush, you should be able to pass the test. As long as you remember to keep it simple, you should be able to figure out how to write the best sample essay for college. On the other hand, if you are too busy trying to find the right topic for your topic, you may find that you are wasting your time.There is no one part of the process that is more important than the other. The ability to structure your thoughts so that they will make sense to the panel of judges will greatly affect the outcome of your application. The skills you use throughout the process will determine whether or not you will get in or fail to pass the test.

Research Method Ethical Issues - 1610 Words

1. Research methodology definition Research methodology is the philosophy or the general principle which will guide the research (Dawson C. , 2007). 2. Decide the research methods 1) Thinking about purpose You need to think about the purpose of your research as this will help point to the most appropriate methods to use. 2) Qualitative research and quantitative research Qualitative research explores attitudes, behavior and experiences through such methods as interviews or focus groups (Dawson C. , 2007). Quantitative research generates statistics through the use of large-scale survey research. This type of research reaches many more people, but the contact with those people is much quicker than it is in qualitative†¦show more content†¦How to be an ethical researcher As researchers we are unable to conduct our projects successfully if we do not receive the help of other people. If we expect them to give up their valuable time to help us, it follows that we should offer them something in return. Also, many people are willing to disclose a lot of personal information during our research so we need to make sure that we treat both the participants and the information they provide with honesty and respect. This is called research ethics. 1) Treating participants with respect As a researcher you must remember that the research process intrudes on people’s lives. Some of the people who take part in your research may be vulnerable because of their age, social status or position of powerlessness. If participants are young, you need to make sure a parent or guardian is present. If participants are ill or reaching old age you might need to use a proxy and care should be taken to make sure that you do not affect the relationship between the proxy and the participant. Some people may find participation a rewarding process, whereas others will not. Your research should not give rise to false hopes or cause unnecessary anxiety. You must try to minimize the disruption to people’s lives and if someone has found it an upsetting experience you should find out why and try to ensure that the same situation does not occur again. As a researcher you will encounter awkward situations, but goodShow MoreRelatedResearch Methods Of Health And Social Care1726 Words   |  7 Pages Research Methods in Health and Social Care Throughout research in Health and social care settings, there are many implications with the research, which takes place. Many research methods include ethical issues which have to be considered when conducting research. Ethical issues need to be considered when research is being conducted, in all methods of conducting the research information. One method of research is using interviews. For example, when using interviews in a care home, when conductingRead MoreNaturalistic Observation : Observing People999 Words   |  4 Pages Naturalistic Observation – observing people in their natural setting. The advantages to his method are; realistic natural behaviours, low demand characteristics, can generate new ideas for research and test existing findings. However the disadvantages are; lack of control of variables, observer bias, limited to public places or certain types of behaviours, which may create ethical issues. Controlled Observation – allows researchers to observe in a natural setting, giving focus on what theyRead MoreResearch ‚Äà ¬ Methodology and Ethics1001 Words   |  5 PagesRESEARCH – METHODOLOGY AND ETHICS This essay attempts to identify and sum up two research methods (Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods), assess their relative strengths and weaknesses and explain how two ethical issues arise from research. 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This essay will discuss these issues because theyRead MorePros And Cons Of Stem Cell Research1003 Words   |  5 PagesHome Foundations Ethics Stem Cell Research Stem Cell Research Explorable.com 1.6M reads 32 Comments Printer-friendly versionSend by emailPDF version Pros And Cons in Research The debate of the pros and cons of stem cell research clearly illustrate the difficult ethics evaluations researchers sometimes must do. All scientists must consider whether the positive effects from their research are likely to be significantly higher than the negative effects. What are Stem Cells? Stem Cells areRead MoreThe Role Of Criminological Research On Theory Building767 Words   |  4 Pagesrole of criminological research in theory building? By constructing theories or representations we can increase our understanding of criminal conduct. Through improving our understanding we can create effective, and operational strategies to handle crime issues. 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In the InterpretiveRead MoreEnvironmental Health Research On Humans - Ethical Issues1656 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental Health Research on Humans – Ethical Issues Since the United States approved the regulations that controls the research on human subjects in 1970s, there have been many discussions and arguments concerning this approval on research on humans; the issues focuses clinical research like the risk management, the use of substances (drugs) with no therapeutic effect – placebos in a group, selecting random sample of a population, informed consent, adverse events and investigation on susceptibleRead MoreModule Evaluation Survey863 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This individual report is based on a portfolio of evidence from our group project, from the initial research, through design, development and testing of a user-centred organisational system, in our case a university questionnaire designed to evaluate modules taught at the university, filled by the current students and based on their module-related experience. Aim of the project was to create user-friendly module evaluation survey containing the most relevant student experience dataRead MoreSharing The True Stories : Improving Communication Between Aboriginal Patients And Healthcare Workers Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The method of qualitative research become key method in the human and social science and also in the education and health science. The definition of qualitative research is a research using methods such as participant observation or case studies which result in a narrative, descriptive account of a setting or practice. Sociologists using these methods typically reject positivism and adopt a form of interpretive sociology (Parkinson Drislane,2011). It involves the research using data that

American vs Asian Education Systems Essay - 1930 Words

There are many factors that influence the Asian and Asian immigrants’ high levels of academic achievements. The environment that students experienced in Asia is totally different from the foreigners’ like the schoolings, the testing and grading testing system. Non-Asian people observed many high levels academic achievements of Asian and they start making false assumptions. The education system in Asia is different from America’s which explains the stereotype that common Asians are smart. Education would be considered the most important factor that determine a successful future. Education is the concept of receiving knowledge and skills through learning, researching, or teaching. The most common way to receive education†¦show more content†¦Quality of education should not limit people from receiving their knowledge because everyone have â€Å"the right to education (Human Right #26)†. Like any quality of life, there will always be effective issues that prevent people from reaching their goals in life, like education. As in Asia, farming is the main economic activity, but it requires lots of workers and nowaday children have to join their family’s work. Farming life is very ponderous and it partially affects the child’s education progress. Among Asia, many Southwest countries do not have the learning opportunity available for them, but mostly they were being held away from education by poverty, child labor, slavery, and worse family issues that basically banned them from reaching for a better future. Learning opportunity is not evenly distribute among Asia. While LDC countries like Bangladesh, India have found it difficult to build enough schools for serving their enormous population, developed countries like Korea and Japan gradually improve their literacy rate. In some religion, women do not have the right to receive education which lowered the value of women. 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Must i remind you, it hasn’t always been this way in America. in fact Whites and Blacks weren t allowed to attend the same school, letRead MoreBrown Vs Board Of Education945 Words   |  4 Pagesmy best friend, Brandon, and I went to the library located on Savannah State’s campus to study for our upcoming final exam. Even though Brandon is a Caucasian, people don’t have a negative outlook on our relationship just because I am an African American. It doesn’t make much of a difference to society when we are seen together,considering America symbolizes unity. Must I remind you, it hasn’t always been this way in America. in fact, Whites and Blacks weren t allowed to attend the same school,Read MoreThe Story of Educational Opportunity in Modern America by James E. Ryan1185 Words   |  5 PagesFreeman is predominantly white but is becoming more and more diverse. Today, the school is made up of 73% white, 13% African-American, 7% Hispanic, and 6% are Asian. 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Purchasing Management & Retail Business †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Purchasing Management Retail Business. Answer: Introduction Every business activity is a continuous process that requires proper strategy to succeed. In the case of a retail business, the purchasing process is the first and most important activity as it determines the success or failure of other activities later conducted in the business. There are strategies that require a careful consideration when purchasing products to ensure for efficiency and satisfaction on both sides of the business. The paper discusses the supplier management criteria, Cost management and ICT influence on supply. All these strategies requires a special approach as well as more recommendations for future Retailing is the closest supplier of goods and services to the consumers in both small and large quantities. Singapore is known for the many retailer businesses dealing with different products for the satisfaction of goods and services of the people around the area. Lucky Plaza, for example, is a retailer on Orchard road which deals with low-priced products for low budget consumers. Unlike other retailers along the same street who deal with luxurious products afforded by the wealthy, Lucky Plaza can cover for almost all consumers in the market due to their fair prices(Choi, 2006). Their competition is therefore in the positive direction as the demand for their products increases with the reduced prices. The main items sold here clothing, accessories, used books, chocolate, sweets and many others that come either brand new or used but in good condition. The retailers on the Lucky Plaza Street strive to satisfy for the large market of the local consumers who are the main buyers of thei r products. They strategize on quality, affordability and excellent customer relations that attract more clients in the outlets(Kahraman, 2003). The future of the business seems promising as they plan on advancing into other streets and capturing a larger market for their products. Supplier Management criteria There are several attributes that an organization must consider when planning their activities with supplies. The approach is necessary because, through the vendors activities, the team determines the quality of products they receive, the prices and eventually the profits they make. Some of the important aspects that every organization should consider include cost, risk, service, delivery, convenience, social responsibility, and agility. All should be under control to ensure that there is a maximum benefit to both parties(Bhutta, 2002). There are many risks involved in the supply of right from the source to the business which if not well covered might significantly affect the progress of the organization. Some suppliers are based on the natural environment whereby the group is expected to get involved in the extraction of products, especially raw materials. In this kind of setting, some risks involved are accidents and loss of the products of mining(Jabbour, 2009). Other risks are involved during the transportation process regarding accidents that might result in high losses for the business. It is therefore important to consider setting aside funds to cover for the risks in case they occur and most importantly come up with strategies to reduce such occurrences. The service and delivery usually fall under a similar category in that suppliers should offer quality services while delivering their products to their clients. The client here is the business whose primary purpose is to get the products they order in their right quantities, quality and at the right time. The firm should get in touch with a trustworthy supplier who is ready to observe timing and other terms of delivery for a positive impact on the organization(Boran, 2009). Regulating the delivery is also an issue that affects the structure in such a way they can satisfy their consumers without delays. Buyers are usually interested in a business that provides for all their needs anytime they visit. Convenience is an issue that affects all the aspects of supply and might be of positive or adverse impact on the activities of a business operation. The more convenient the suppliers are the best it is for business activities of the recipient firm. It is best for an organization to choose providers who are readily available regarding transport and communication. Most of the delays experienced in supply are caused by inconveniences of distance and time. The business should, therefore, opt for methods that bring them closer to their sources of materials. If for example, the essential supplies are vegetables from a certain farm, then an organization should choose the ones that have quick access to infrastructure. It is in this case that they also consider timing and security to avoid any losses that might result from theft and delays(Jabbour, 2009). If the supplier brings the products to the organization setting, then the best way is to have trustworthy associations that ensure for no d elay. Finally, it is important to consider the social responsibility that the business plays to its stakeholders during the process of supply. Most work towards reducing traffic, pollution and other inconveniences in the social environment. Purchasing Cost Analysis The process of acquiring goods from one business to the other involves a lot of expenditure from the time they are obtained from the seller, taken to the buyer and finally used as intended. For retailers like Lucky Plaza, the goods are finally considered purchased from the supplier if they get to the shops and start selling with less or no interference (Weele, 2009). An organization should, therefore, calculate all the costs incurred to ensure that they keep their profit-making plans in check. A business can only provide for maximum benefits if they cut on expenditure and increase their incomes in all of their activities The primary costs involved begin with the actual purchase price of products from the supplier. The cost should put into consideration all the activities that will include more spending before selling a particular product to the consumer. The buying price increases with the expenditure on transporting, warehousing or storage, taxation, and delivery to customers (GCR, 2004). If all these costs happen to be higher than the selling price, then the business will be making a loss. It is therefore important to purchase from the suppliers who give better offers and discounts for maximum profits. When it comes to transportation, the most important thing to put into consideration is ensure that the modes used are the most efficient in consideration to their availability, dependability, and cost. If transporting heavy goods for longer distances, a plane might be faster but cannot carry in bulk, and it is expensive too (David, 2004). The best transportation channel, in this case, will be either train or water. On the other hand, short distance operations can utilize the cheap and reliable road transportation modes. Delivery is another issue that requires a little expenditure before the buyer receives the purchased products. Depending on the selling organization, the delivery costs vary depending on the product and amounts delivered. Storage is a basic necessity in the operation of an organization, and it is also considered under the purchasing cost. Once the goods arrive at the destination, then they must be stored well before selling them to the final consumer. Depending on the nature of products, then the storage spaces changes accordingly (Boardman, 2008). Fresh and perishable items might require controlled temperatures and spacious rooms to ensure that they stay for as long as needed. Accessories also need a particular manner of storage to ensure for safety. However, items like clothing can take up less space since they can be squeezed without causing damage to the product. There are other products that require large-scale warehousing facilities that are costly to the organization. It is, therefore, best for the business to invest in low-cost and efficient storage facilities that ensure for safety and preservation of the products (Weele, 2009). The different ways of preserving products largely depend on the availability, the quantities involved and expenses as well. The cost of storage should be maximized to the extent that profits are increased. ICT for Purchasing Operations Information and communication technology plays a great role in the purchase of goods and services from an individual organization. ICT promotes the interactions between different organizations that are involved in the supply and purchase of goods. It is important to ensure that there is efficient, accurate and fast information transfer between the parties involved (Lancelot, 2003). ICT requires the development of websites, applications and software are that facilitate the efficient supply of products. In every purchase activity, the parties involved have to be connected in such a way those they can freely interact with less or no distractions. Technology has played a great role in the purchasing and selling between any business organizations (DiPietro, 2010). The retail business ensures that they can get in touch with the supply companies via the internet and plan before activities of operations. Terms and conditions of a business activity are also laid out well in the websites and business profiles over the web. The social media is a platform that facilitates the activities of advertising, ordering, and delivery. For a complete supply process, there is a need to ensure that all the required information about a particular product is displayed. There are new applications and softwares that have been formed over the past years to ensure that purchasing is done most efficiently. These applications are a way of publicizing the supplies involved to increased demand in the market (Dubois, 2005). The retail business, therefore, tries its best to look through the system and acquire a contract with the most recommended company or source of raw materials. It is better to listen to the views of several people before forming a working relationship with a company. The organization uses social media to negotiate prices and quantity to ease the work of delivery and bargain on the ground (Scholl, 2012). It is therefore important for an organization to ensure that they select the best strategies of purchase. They should adopt the technological changes that are meant to make the procedure better and more efficient in the long run. In as much as it is necessary, quality and efficiency matter most in a business interaction. The companies shou ld maintain the highest communication strategies to ensure for learning appropriate supply. Conclusion In conclusion, all the strategies discussed above are in one way or the other influential to the way an individual business conducts its activities. Cost influences the success or failure of an organization and must be carefully strategized to come up with the best solution. I would recommend for the retailer to ensure that all the purchasing strategies are of a positive influence to facilitate for higher profit making. All the costs involved in the process must remain lower than the selling price and use the internet and system to access such information is the best way. References Bhutta, K. S. (2002). Supplier selection problem: a comparison of the total cost of ownership and analytic hierarchy process approaches. Supply Chain Management:. An International Journal , 7(3), 126-135. Boardman, A. E. (2008). Cost-benefit analysis. Pearson. Boran, F. E. (2009). A multi-criteria intuitionistic fuzzy group decision making for supplier selection with TOPSIS method. . Expert Systems with Applications , 36(8), 11363-11368. Boran, F. E. (2009). A multi-criteria intuitionistic fuzzy group decision making for supplier selection with TOPSIS method. Expert Systems with Applications, , 36(8), 11363-11368. Choi, T. Y. (2006). An exploration of supplier selection practices across the supply chain. . Journal of operations management, , 14(4), 333-343. David, R. J. (2004). A systematic assessment of the empirical support for transaction cost economics. . Strategic management journal, , 25(1), 39-58. DiPietro, R. B. (2010). Key issues for ICT applications: impacts and implications for hospitality operations. . Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes , 2(1), 49-67. Dubois, A. . (2005). Organising the purchasing function as an interface between internal and external networks. . In Proceedings of the 21st Annual IMP Conference , (pp. 0-11). GCR, N. (2004). Cost analysis of inadequate interoperability in the US capital facilities industry. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Jabbour, A. B. (2009). Are supplier selection criteria going green? Case studies of companies in Brazil. Industrial Management Data Systems, , 109(4), 477-495. Kahraman, C. C. (2003). Multi-criteria supplier selection using fuzzy AHP. . Logistics information management , 16(6), 382-394. Lancellotti, R. S. (2003). ICT and operations outsourcing in banking. . Wirtschaftsinformatik , 45(2), 131-141. Scholl, H. J. (2012). ICT-enabled city government field operations: Resiliency during extreme events. . In System Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on , pp. 2346-2356. Weele, A. J. (2009). Purchasing and supply chain management: Analysis, strategy, planning and practice. Cengage Learning EMEA.

What is NATO for Essay Example

What is NATO for Essay The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is some 1949 alliance involving 26 North America and Europe nations. It objectives are to protect the se4curity and freedom of member states though military and political means.NATO is the principal security association within Europe. The alliance helps shield allies have modernized their shared strategic theory, upheld NATO’s amalgamated military organization, and carry on conducting mutual military scheduling, exercises and training. The allies have generated fresh fora and policies for boosting dialogue with previously communist nations of eastern and central Europe. Most importantly, NATO has had a major contribution in the enforcement of UN Security Council deliberations within what was once called Yugoslavia (Kaplan, 2004, 22).NATO has some significant function in controlling and containing militarized disputes within eastern and central Europe. It even strives to evade such conflicts by vigorously encouraging stability in wh at was once the Soviet community.NATO aided in stabilizing Western Europe, the states of which were formerly usually bitter enemies. Through solving the dilemma regarding security as well as offering some institutional system for building of shared security strategies,   the alliance has had a contribution in rendering utilization of forceful modes as regards the relationships of the nations within such a region almost inconceivable (Duffeld, 1995).NATO persists in the enhancement of member country security with regard to external hazards through a number of methods. Firstly, NATO upholds the tactical balance within Europe by counterbalancing the lingering danger emanating from the Russian military strength. Secondly, is assists to tackle emerging fresh dangers, encompassing the intricate dangers that could result from the disputes among and within the nations of eastern and central Europe. Thirdly, it obstructs such dangers from occurring by working towards nurturing stability wi thin what was once the soviet community (Churchill, 2006). Western European countries strive to uphold some counterbalance to former Soviet Union’s residual armed forces power, particularly the nuclear ability of Russia.Another post-cold war function of NATO is shielding of member states from an assortment of freshly emerging dangers. More focus has been directed to potential perils emanating out of Middle East and North Africa, partly due to the proliferation of expertise for developing missiles as well as weapons of mass destruction within such areas. The most prominent among fresh external dangers are however, territorial, ethnic as well as national disputes among and within the eastern and central European nations. These disputes are able to produce many immigrants or as well overflow into neighboring nations’ territories, NATO member states included. In the most extreme of cases, outside nations could sense the compulsion to get involved, thus stoking broadening o f enmity, as happened at the start of World War II.Despite the fact that NATO has not been able to terminate such conflicts so far, the alliance assists in tackling the issues emanating from the disputes through a number of modes. Firstly, NATO shield member nations from probable overflow of armed forces hostilities. Although none of NATO member nations has ever received serious threats in such a way, the alliance’s extensive experience in arranging member nation defenses ensures NATO is adequately ready to handle such emergencies (Sandler, Hartley, 1999, 16).NATO as well assists other nations to avoid being inducted into such conflicts. NATO’s existence assures member nations located near such a zone that they will receive assistance in tackling nearby conflicts in the event that such conflicts shoot up and overflow, thus minimizing the motivation to unilaterally get involved. Instead, the presence of NATO assists in ensuring that military participation of western nat ions in these disputes, if at all it happens, is consensual and collective. The likelihood of some quick, coordinated response from NATO could deter other nations from interfering (http://www.nato.int/docu/speech/2003/s031103a.htm).NATO in 1992 reached a consensus to avail NATO property in the support of peacekeeping actions sanctioned by the United Nations (UN) Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). At the beginning of 1994, NATO as well endorsed the construction of some mechanism named Combined Joint Task Forces (C JTF) which would allow member coalitions (coalitions of the willing) to utilize shared alliance possessions for particular actions outside the accord zone.Most spectacularly, NATO has acquired vital experience in what was once Yugoslavia. NATO personnel have imposed the Adriatic maritime barricade as well as a no-fly region over Bosnia. NATO as well offered defensive air authority for United Nations ground forces. They utilized the warning of air ambus hes to secure seclusion regions for serious arms around the united nations-selected safe Gorazde zone and Sarajevo.Pursuant to the disintegration of socialism, numerous former soviet community nations have embarked on aggressive economic and political reforms. Europe has substantial stakes in such efforts because failure may result to mass migrations, Domestic strife, armed disputes and direct dangers to surrounding NATO member states as well.NATO encourages stability within the previous soviet community through 2 ways. Firstly, the alliance directly nurtures political restructuring success within the area. Starting in 1990, the alliance has initiated a broad spectrum of institutions and programs for consultation regarding security concerns, most conspicuously the Partnership for Peace (PfP) and the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC). NATO may utilize such initiatives to aid the young regimes to restructure their security structures, planning procedures and policies (Greenwoo d, 1993). Such fresh arrangements may particularly strengthen democratic management of the military as well as reverence for civilian power through inducting eastern and central European heads to western civil-military associations’ models.Secondly, the alliance boosts eastern and central European security though reassuring such nations that they will be assisted in case they receive outside threats. This helps such states to abandon possibly destabilizing activities as well as to follow their aggressive domestic restructuring agendas with more confidence. Starting from 1990, NATO’S North Atlantic Council has constantly issued candid oral statements of awareness as happened during 1991’s soviet coup dà ©tat attempt. The NACC permits states in the former Soviet Union to state their issues as well as discuss varied issues regularly as they engage their counterparts in NATO as identical partners. The freshly approved PfP provides every member official dialogue wit h NATO, in the vent that such a member perceives some direct danger to their security, as well as solid military liaisons with NATO member states through contribution to several military operations and activities (http://www.nato.int/docu/speech/2003/s031103a.htm).Since its formative years, NATO has significantly worked towards normalizing relationships among member states.Extremely important among NATO’s intra-alliance roles is reassurance. NATO’s existence assures member states that they should not fear each other.The alliance minimizes the likelihood of disputes among western European member states in 3 ways including: increasing stability; tying the US to Europe so as to guarantee the upholding of the equilibrium of authority within the area; and inhibiting re-nationalization of such nation’s security strategies.A significant likely cause of conflict between nations is misunderstanding and misperception among nations. Without reliable and detailed data, poli cy makers could overstate the offensive armed capacities of other nations or misconstrue foreign objectives, usually regarding them as being more antagonistic that they are in the actual sense. They as well are inclined to overlooking the safety issues their own activities could arouse abroad (Kaplan, 2004, 41). Therefore, international relationships are usually characterized by mistrust and suspicion.NATO assists in avoiding the mergence of such damaging dynamics; it instead encourages mutual self-assurance though facilitating elevated intra-alliance honesty. Contribution to NATO’s force strategizing procedure requires member states to share detailed data regarding their armed forces, defense financial statements as well as future strategies. Owing to this institutionalized transparency, member states only hide a few secret from their counterparts, and they possess minimal motivations to do likewise.NATO also nurtures reassurance for member states through undertaking integra tion of members’ security strategies. To different but normally significant extents, Nations formulate as well as implement their defense strategies jointly as members of NATO as opposed to on exclusively state basis. Such security strategy denationalization neutralizes the usual competition and enmity for military supremacy that could otherwise happen amongst the key European big shots, it also assists to prevent any usage of armed forces posturing to attain political clout in Europe (Churchill, 2006).   In case re-nationalization happens, this could result to issues regarding internal inequities within Western Europe as well as arouse fresh competition, conflict and mistrust.NATO encourages security strategy denationalization in a number of ways. NATO’S consultative arms, force scheduling procedures as well as integrated armed systems assist to develop a shared identity amongst member states. Frequent and comprehensive dialogue results to an elevated level of commo n understanding. Cooperative force scheduling assists reshape member states armed forces posture in order to reflect NATO-wide, as opposed to, national concerns. Also, assignments to NATO’s military associations and civilian officialdoms socialize military personnel and state officials into some shared NATO customs.Additionally contribution to NATO’s combined military system fosters minimized military independence among member states, particularly within central Europe; because it permits members relinquish or at the minimum deemphasize several components vital for an autonomous military capacity. Numerous European nations, For instance, rely heavily upon the alliance’s multinational space early caution force as well as its combined air protection structures.   Small as well as big nations have given up their capability to undertake particular missions, like the sweeping of mines and air surveillance, with the intention of husbanding security resources, after having known that counterpart allies could undertake such missions (Duffeld, 1995). International integration develops a measure of shared control through increasing the extent of joint contribution to operational and organization planning. Therefore, the persistent existence of the multinational military system imposes restraints upon the capability of numerous member states to utilize their armed personnel for purely state objectives, at any rate on the short-to-medium period, as well as assures members regarding the shared objective of their armed might.   Without NATO, the likelihood of one nation’s forces raising alarm within another nation would be greater(http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/UKgovernment/TheUKandtheworld/DG_073420).NATO member states regard maintenance of the alliance to be mutually advantageous to them, since it carries on the performance of a number of essential security roles, both internal and external, including incorporation of Canada and the United States into European defense matters. NATO has as well adapted impressively to the dynamic European defense environment, positive example being the experience in Bosnia.   Whereas the joint defense of NATO territory is the core function of the NATO alliance, the fresh NATO, through widening its key role to incorporate peacekeeping and crisis handling as well as encouraging cooperation and partnership, including some strategic association with Moscow, has emerged to be the backbone of some European joint defense regime (Sandler, Hartley, 1999, 67).

Renal Cell Caricnoma essays

Renal Cell Caricnoma essays Renal Cell Carcinoma: Genetic Causes :: How does the Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome cause Renal Cell Carcinoma? In the course of researching information about Renal Cell Carcinoma, a cancer of the renal cells located in the kidney, the impact of Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome and other genetic defects resulting in the formation of Renal Carcinoma was quite interesting. A great risk factor in the diagnosis of Renal Cell Cancer and the initial tumour formation would be the family history of the disease, and/or a family history of the Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome, both of which are genetic defects that are passed down from generation to generation; analysis of this information would lead to the conclusion that genetic factors play an important role in the formation of the Renal tumours. Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome is a genetic birth defect that is passed down through heredity. In a person that suffers from the Syndrome, the Von Hippel-Lindau Tumour Suppressor gene is deformed in certain cells, resulting in cells that turn into tumours more readily then normal cells. If a tumour does indeed form, the peripheral blood (or blood flowing alongside the tumour) will have a greater chance of picking up the deformed VHL gene. But how does the deformation of the VHL gene result in the formation of the tumour in the first place? The VHL gene mutation is a genetic disease found in 3 out of 100,000 people. Usually, carriers of this disease begin to form VHL-related tumours during ages 20-40. Some tumours that can be caused by the VHL defect are retinal blastoma, cerebellar blastoma, and, of course, renal cell carcinoma in the kidney. The VHL defect lies in the short arm of the 3rd chromosome; over 300 positions of the deformations have been reported worldwide, and some include entire deletions of the VHL gene from the chromosome. It has been discovered recently that the VHL protein that is transcripted f ...

Discuss the extent to which economic integration within the EU has Essay - 2

Discuss the extent to which economic integration within the EU has been subordinated to the achievement of political objectives - Essay Example The success of Coal and Steel Treaty led to the Treaty of Rome where the European Economic Community (EEC) or ‘common market’ as it was commonly known, created a freeway through which people, goods and services could freely move across the international borders (Europa, n.d.). It was a landmark decision as now people within EEC countries could move without passport and custom duties will not be levied on goods and services, even farmers were paid the same across the Community, giving a joint control over the production of agricultural products. The only drawback was the surplus production. The problem arose with different currencies prevailing in different countries, and for an economic stability the requirement for a single currency was increasingly felt. In the year 1973 Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom also joined European Community (EC). In 1992, The Treaty on European Union is signed in Maastricht, which has been a major EU milestone as it set clear rules for the future regarding single currency, foreign and security policy as well as closer cooperation in justice and home affairs. Under the treaty, the name ‘European Union’ (EU) officially replaced that of ‘European Community’. In the year 1999, the Euro (the common currency) was officially introduced in 12 countries namely Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland adopted Euro as their currency while Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom decided not to take it up as of, for then. As their foreign and security policy, the EU takes on peace-keeping operations by replacing NATO units in the Balkans, Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and then in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was a strategic victory of their combined military power. Slowly and gradually EU was becoming a formidable force to reckon with. On December 2007 the Treaty of Lisbon was signed to amend all previous

British Colonialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

British Colonialism - Essay Example When a territory builds and maintains colonies in other territories, this is known as colonialism (Kohn, 2006). When the West or Europe pictured the Arabic and Asian states, they showed people living darkness and void (Kumar, 2007). They showed they did not want to grow and get updated. They showed that the people were simple and could be made to do anything. This is what was thought about South America and Africa when it was colonized (Kumar, 2007). This also brought these governments the support of their citizens (Kumar, 2007). When Europe wanted to conquer these "Oriental" countries, they passed a message to the people that they wanted to develop the territory to be colonized. They planned to strip the territory of its history and cultures and create a new one as they seem to be fit (Kumar, 2007). Orientalism was so depicted and explained as if it was a curse or a bad thing going on in the world. The true meaning of orient was hidden and in the shade of Orientalism, the West exploited and colonized the Asian and the Arabic countries (Kohn, 2006). Thus, Orientalism was one of the tools used by Europe to colonize the Arabic and Asian Countries (Kohn, 2006). ... Vathek (Salah, 2007) One of the examples of orientalism among the British colonial writers was Vathek (1782) by William Thomas Beckford. Beckford (1760-1844) was and English novelist (introduction to Beckfordiana). He was also a member of the parliament from 1784 to 1790. Vathek was originally written in French at a time when orientalism was entranced in the European population. The plot tells the story of the fictional ruler Vathek who falls from power and then engages himself in deplorable activities with his mother to gain supernatural powers. The setting of the tale is oriental, i.e., in the Arabic countries. The novel clearly shows how backward and downgraded the people of the East were considered. The story clearly shows the supernatural and superstitious beliefs and casts the image of the Eastern countries as those who live in the early ages when everything was considered to be supernatural and science and technology played no role. Kubla Khan (Library, 1999) Another example of orientalism among the British colonial writers is the poem Kubla Khan written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Coleridge (1772-1834) was an English poet and a romantic (Poetry Foundation). Kubla Khan is a poem describing about a king who claims to be Son of God and thus ascends to the throne on the grounds that God wants him to rule. He makes his subjects build him a house that is suitable for residence for the Son of God. This poem though short shows how the countries in the East are ruled through superstitions and that the British need to go and save the people from such superstitious beliefs of the people there. Thus they could potrait the image among their people that they are colonizing the territory to revive but instead destroy the culture and history of the

Kite Runner Essay Notes Essay Example for Free

Kite Runner Essay Notes Essay Q1 â€Å"I never thought of Hassan and me as friends†¦ history isn’t easy to overcome. Neither is religion. In the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara, I was Sunni and he was Shi’a, and nothing was ever going to change that. Nothing† (Hosseini 27) †¢DESPITE THE FACT THAT AMIR HAS SPENT HIS ENTIRE LIFE IN HASSAN’S company he does not consider Hassan to be his friend. This is because of social status. Hassan religion is seen to be below Amir and this is why they will never be able to be friends. Hassan does not understand this and takes every opportunity to please Amir, to make him happy. The two boys grew up together, they learned to crawl together, and they later taught each other how to ride a bicycle. But history and religion override all of the mitigation factors in this relationship, and Amir has decided that he doesn’t value this relationship to be anything more than a master and his servant. Q2 â€Å"I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan- the way he’d stood up for me all those time in the past- and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end, I ran† (pg 82) †¢AMIR WAS ALWAYS TRYING TO PLEASE BABA, TO MAKE HIM PROUD, TO SEEK HIS approval. Amir was finally able to do this when he won the Kite Flying tournament. Baba had never been so proud. The only task left was for Hassan to run and find the winning kite. After a period of time Amir went to look for Hassan. He found him in the alley with Assed, and other bullies. Hassan had the winning kite, but there was a price to pay for this kite. Nothing is free in this world. Amir witnessed an act of unwavering loyalty from Hassan, as Hassan was being raped in order to keep the kite. Amir had the opportunity to step in and protect his companion, but instead chose to close his eyes. This was the price he had to pay to receive Baba’s affection, and this haunts Amir for his entire lifetime. Q3 â€Å"Mostly, I remember this: His brass knuckle flashing in the afternoon light; how cold they felt with the first few blows and how quickly they warmed with my blood†¦ for the first time since the winter of 1975, I felt at peace. I laughed because I saw that, in some hidden nook in a corner of my mind, I’d ever been looking forward to this† (302). †¢AMIR HAS FOUND HASSAN’S SON WITH ASSEF, LEADER OF THE TALIBAN AND rapist. Assef issues a challenge for the boy and Amir accepts, this is Amir’s way of forgiving himself for all of his past sins. He is finally being punished for never stepping in and trying to protect Hassan because of his cowardice. With each physical injury that Assef inflicts Amir is forgiven more and more. This incident will make it possible for Amir to atone himself of his sins and create a future relationship with Sohrab, Hassans son and his part nephew. Second Body Paragraph Q1 â€Å"Maybe he would call me Amir Jan like Rahim Khan did. And maybe, just maybe, I would finally be pardoned for killing my mother† (60) †¢BABA, AMIR’S FATHER, LOVED HIS WIFE. WHEN SHE DIED DURING CHILD BIRTH IT broke his heart. This created initial discord between Amir and Baba. One that was never able to abolish itself. Amir had different interests than Baba; this made it difficult for Amir to please Baba, which made it impossible for Amir to forgive himself for killing his mother at birth. Q2.

Essay on the Dilemma of Billy Budd -- Billy Budd Essays

The Dilemma of Billy Budd    Herman Mellville's Billy Budd is and extremely divisive novel when one considers the dissension it has generated. The criticism has essentially focused around the argument of acceptance vs. resistance. On the one hand we can read the story as accepting the hanging of Billy Budd as the necessary ends of justice. We can read Vere's condemnation as a necessary military action performed in the name of preserving order aboard the Indomitable. On the other hand, we can argue that Billy's execution as the greatest example of injustice.    The question has been asked if Vere's conduct is right or wrong. In either case, since Billy Budd is an ethical text, it is very odd that there is an absence of the emotion guilt.   Billy Budd is a story about two murders. Billy kills Claggart and Vere (although indirectly, the decision is ultimately his) kills Budd. Neither of the murderers demonstrate guilt in the form of remorse. For a narrative that tries to put the reader in a moral and ethical position, it is ironic that the characters themselves don't exhibit what would seem most ethical.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ... To read the story as either accepting or resisting an ethical dilemma is perhaps debatable. The point of the story may be to state man's need to punish and retaliate with injury through means that may be befogged. The reader may be upset with the death of Billy Budd not for the seemingly unjust killing of a sympathetic character, but for its illustration of a society coming apart at the seams; one which doesn't necessarily make sense considering human nature, but one that is so closely linked to social systems, it is doubtful that it could ever be changed.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Expectancy Theory of Motivation

Running head: EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOTIVATION Expectancy Theory of Motivation Expectancy Theory of Motivation Companies need to understand the practice of motivation for them to achieve full output from its employees which will lead to full output from the company. The expectancy theory of motivation proposed by Victor Vroom will help companies to understand how to achieve this motivation level. The theory of motivation states that employee’s motivation is the outcome of how much of individual wants a reward. The theory revolves around three distinct perceptions. The first component of the theory is the Effort-performance relationship. The provability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The second component of this theory is Performance-reward relationship. The degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desire outcome (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The third component of this theory is Rewards-personal goals relationship. The degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual’s personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The Expectancy Theory of Motivation had to very important beliefs that help complete the above model. The first belief is that Effort-to-performance expectancy is the individual's awareness that effort will lead to above performance. The person will determine if the performance expected of them can be reached by an amount of effort within their ability. If this person feels they can’t achieve this performance level within their abilities then the outcome to meet the goals will be low. This will cause the person motivation effort to be low. If the person feels that the performance level that is required of them is in reach of their abilities then they are likely put the extra effort in and be motivated. The second belief links performance to outcome through instrumentality. This is where a person is motivated when that person feels the performance is explicit and equal instrument to fulfill their personal outcome. Therefore a erson will be motivated if the person believes that meeting the performance of organization will bring their desired outcome. The other problem arises if the person does not feel their desired outcome will not be achieved then they may not put in any or very little effort to meet the performance of the organization and will they will not be motivated in the first place. The company management must set goa ls that can be attainable for the person to be motivated and succeed and benefit the person outcome. This can be achieved through a promotion, bonuses, and praise. The company from the given scenario has set the goal to produce goods of extra quality and the company is expecting employees’ level to be very high. Few of the employees have been able to handle these new processes. Then we have learned that the expectancy relationship has been fulfilled and is working. The problem with the given scenario must line somewhere within the instrumentality relationship. The given scenario shows there is no salary difference between the workers who are good performers and the workers who are the bad performers. One other point is that the bad performers bring penalties in their salary. The level of bonus that is offered for meeting the goal of the company is not high enough with the required effort according to the employees. Last thing about the scenario the amount of pay given for overtime is higher than the bonus given for performance and still overtime is created by because of the slow performance. The employees understand it is better to work slow and see better instrumentality then through fast work. Looking at the given scenario there has to be some items have to be addressed. One item that needs to be addressed is the slow work with some of the employees must have strict salary penalties. The next item to be addressed is that with better performance the bonus levels need to be compensated higher. This will make the employees that are capable running processes put in place by the company put in more effort to reach the performance desired as they will desire the new bonus. The employees that are not capable will put more of an effort and be motivated to reach the same desired higher bonus and not see a penalty in salary. The last item to be addressed is management should reorganize the operations so that the bonus pay is higher than the overtime work performed this way employees will not see the benefit of working the overtime as the performance bonus will be more desirable. We have shown the key features of the expectancy theory that was proposed by Victor Vroom which illustrated a scenario which we implemented corrective intervention to boost the efforts of employees. Reference Robbins, S. P. , ; Judge, T. A. (2007). Motivation Concepts. In (Ed. ), Organizational Behavior (pp. 208-214). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Expectancy Theory of Motivation Running head: EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOTIVATION Expectancy Theory of Motivation Expectancy Theory of Motivation Companies need to understand the practice of motivation for them to achieve full output from its employees which will lead to full output from the company. The expectancy theory of motivation proposed by Victor Vroom will help companies to understand how to achieve this motivation level. The theory of motivation states that employee’s motivation is the outcome of how much of individual wants a reward. The theory revolves around three distinct perceptions. The first component of the theory is the Effort-performance relationship. The provability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The second component of this theory is Performance-reward relationship. The degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desire outcome (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The third component of this theory is Rewards-personal goals relationship. The degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual’s personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 208). The Expectancy Theory of Motivation had to very important beliefs that help complete the above model. The first belief is that Effort-to-performance expectancy is the individual's awareness that effort will lead to above performance. The person will determine if the performance expected of them can be reached by an amount of effort within their ability. If this person feels they can’t achieve this performance level within their abilities then the outcome to meet the goals will be low. This will cause the person motivation effort to be low. If the person feels that the performance level that is required of them is in reach of their abilities then they are likely put the extra effort in and be motivated. The second belief links performance to outcome through instrumentality. This is where a person is motivated when that person feels the performance is explicit and equal instrument to fulfill their personal outcome. Therefore a erson will be motivated if the person believes that meeting the performance of organization will bring their desired outcome. The other problem arises if the person does not feel their desired outcome will not be achieved then they may not put in any or very little effort to meet the performance of the organization and will they will not be motivated in the first place. The company management must set goa ls that can be attainable for the person to be motivated and succeed and benefit the person outcome. This can be achieved through a promotion, bonuses, and praise. The company from the given scenario has set the goal to produce goods of extra quality and the company is expecting employees’ level to be very high. Few of the employees have been able to handle these new processes. Then we have learned that the expectancy relationship has been fulfilled and is working. The problem with the given scenario must line somewhere within the instrumentality relationship. The given scenario shows there is no salary difference between the workers who are good performers and the workers who are the bad performers. One other point is that the bad performers bring penalties in their salary. The level of bonus that is offered for meeting the goal of the company is not high enough with the required effort according to the employees. Last thing about the scenario the amount of pay given for overtime is higher than the bonus given for performance and still overtime is created by because of the slow performance. The employees understand it is better to work slow and see better instrumentality then through fast work. Looking at the given scenario there has to be some items have to be addressed. One item that needs to be addressed is the slow work with some of the employees must have strict salary penalties. The next item to be addressed is that with better performance the bonus levels need to be compensated higher. This will make the employees that are capable running processes put in place by the company put in more effort to reach the performance desired as they will desire the new bonus. The employees that are not capable will put more of an effort and be motivated to reach the same desired higher bonus and not see a penalty in salary. The last item to be addressed is management should reorganize the operations so that the bonus pay is higher than the overtime work performed this way employees will not see the benefit of working the overtime as the performance bonus will be more desirable. We have shown the key features of the expectancy theory that was proposed by Victor Vroom which illustrated a scenario which we implemented corrective intervention to boost the efforts of employees. Reference Robbins, S. P. , ; Judge, T. A. (2007). Motivation Concepts. In (Ed. ), Organizational Behavior (pp. 208-214). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

French Subjunctive Irregular Conjugations

While not as difficult as using the French subjunctive, conjugating irregular and stem-changing verbs into the subjunctive can be a little tricky.Stem-changing verbs and most irregular verbs follow the same pattern as regular verbs for the singular conjugations (je, tu, il/elle/on) as well as the third person plural (ils/elles): the subjunctive stem is derived from the present tense conjugation of ils. boire envoyer prendre venir present tense: ils boivent envoient prennent viennent stem boiv- envoi- prenn- vienn- subjunctive endings: boire envoyer prendre venir ... que je -e boive envoie prenne vienne ... que tu -es boives envoies prennes viennes ... quil/elle/on -e boive envoie prenne vienne ... quils/elles -ent boivent envoient prennent viennent However, the nous and vous forms of the subjunctive find their stems in the present tense conjugation of nous: present tense: nous buvons envoyons prenons venons stem buv- envoy- pren- ven- subjunctive endings : ... que nous -ions buvions envoyions prenions venions ... que vous -iez buviez envoyiez preniez veniez This two-stem subjunctive pattern applies to all stem-changing verbs as well as all but seven irregular verbs.Five verbs have irregular subjunctive stems but take the same endings as above: One stem Two stems* faire pouvoir savoir aller vouloir stem(s) fass- puiss- sach- aill- / all- veuill- / voul- ... que je (j) fasse puisse sache aille veuille ... que tu fasses puisses saches ailles veuilles ... quil/elle/on fasse puisse sache aille veuille ... que nous fassions puissions sachions allions voulions ... que vous fassiez puissiez sachiez alliez vouliez ... quils/elles fassent puissent sachent aillent veuillent *These two verbs have different stems for je/tu/il/ils and nous/vous.And finally, two verbs have irregular stems as well irregular endings: avoir tre ... que je (j) aie sois ... que tu aies sois ... quil/elle/on ait soit ... que nous ayons soyons ... que vous ayez soyez ... quils/elles aient soient